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[Press Release]

Early-Life Peanut Consumption Does Not Affect Duration of Breastfeeding or Children’s Growth and Nutrition

Introducing peanut-containing foods during infancy as a peanut allergy prevention strategy does not compromise the duration of breastfeeding or affect children’s growth and nutritional intakes, new findings show. The work, funded by the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), part of the National Institutes of Health, is published online on June 10 in the Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology.

These findings are a secondary result from the Learning Early About Peanut Allergy (LEAP) clinical trial, which was conducted by the NIAID-funded Immune Tolerance Network and led by researchers at King’s College London.

Primary results from the LEAP trial, published in 2015, showed that introducing peanut products into the diets of infants deemed at high risk for peanut allergy led to an 81 percent relative reduction in subsequent development of the allergy compared to avoiding peanut altogether. The goal of the current analysis was to determine whether eating high doses of peanut products beginning in infancy would have any adverse effects on infant and child growth and nutrition. “The striking finding that early inclusion of peanut products in the diet reduces later development of allergy already is beginning to transform how clinicians approach peanut allergy prevention,” said NIAID Director Anthony S. Fauci, M.D. “The new results provide reassurance that early-life peanut consumption has no negative effect on children’s growth and nutrition.”

At the beginning of the LEAP trial, investigators randomly assigned 640 infants aged 4 to 11 months living in the United Kingdom to regularly consume at least 2 grams of peanut protein three times per week or to avoid peanut entirely. These regimens were continued until the children were 5 years old. The researchers monitored the children at recurring health care visits, and asked their parents and caregivers to complete dietary questionnaires and food diaries.

In the current analysis, investigators compared the growth, nutrition and diets of the LEAP peanut consumers and avoiders. Many of the participants were breastfeeding at the beginning of LEAP. “An important and reassuring finding was that peanut consumption did not affect the duration of breastfeeding, thus countering concerns that introduction of solid foods before six months of age could reduce breastfeeding duration,” said lead author Mary Feeney, M.Sc., R.D., of King’s College London.

In addition, the researchers did not observe differences in height, weight or body mass index—a measure of healthy weight status—between the peanut consumers and avoiders at any point during the study. This was true even when the researchers compared the subgroup of children who consumed the greatest amount of peanut protein with those who avoided peanut entirely.

In general, the peanut consumers easily achieved the recommended level of 6 grams of peanut protein per week, consuming 7.5 grams weekly on average. They made some different food choices than the avoiders, investigators noted. For example, consumers ate fewer chips and savory snacks. Both groups had similar total energy intakes from food and comparable protein intakes, although the peanut consumers had higher fat intakes and avoiders had higher carbohydrate intakes.

“Overall, these findings indicate that early-life introduction of peanut-containing foods as a strategy to prevent the subsequent development of peanut allergy is both feasible and nutritionally safe, even at high levels of peanut consumption,” said Marshall Plaut, M.D., chief of the Food Allergy, Atopic Dermatitis and Allergic Mechanisms Section in NIAID’s Division of Allergy, Immunology and Transplantation, and a co-author of the paper.

This work was supported by NIAID under award numbers UM1AI109565, NO1-AI-15416 and HHSN272200800029C. Other organizations providing support include Food Allergy Research & Education, the Medical Research Council & Asthma UK Centre and the UK Department of Health. Additional details about the LEAP study are available at ClinicalTrials.gov using the identifier NCT00329784.

NIAID conducts and supports research — at NIH, throughout the United States, and worldwide — to study the causes of infectious and immune-mediated diseases, and to develop better means of preventing, diagnosing and treating these illnesses. News releases, fact sheets and other NIAID-related materials are available on the NIAID website.

About the National Institutes of Health (NIH): NIH, the nation's medical research agency, includes 27 Institutes and Centers and is a component of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. NIH is the primary federal agency conducting and supporting basic, clinical, and translational medical research, and is investigating the causes, treatments, and cures for both common and rare diseases. For more information about NIH and its programs, visit www.nih.gov.

NIH…Turning Discovery Into Health®

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References:

M Feeney et al. Impact of peanut consumption in the LEAP study: feasibility, growth and nutrition. Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2016.04.016 (2016).

For more information about the LEAP clinical trial:

The LEAP Trial 12 Months Later: Are We Ready to LEAP-On Peanut Allergy?

New Guidelines: When to Feed Peanuts to Infants

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Comments (9)

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Hi Chaunta,

Welcome to KFA.  I hear you about serving something that was once an allergen.  My dd passed a tn challenge a year and a half ago. It took a while to get used to having them in the house.  btw, our forums are an awesome place for support, advice and btdt experience.

Jen
Chaunta posted:

I meant peanut/ treenut allergy.

Congratulations on passing the shellfish challenge! 

You can go to the main support forum and introduce yourself when you have time. That is a great place to ask any questions that you may have and just to tell us about your family.

Will Way
Chaunta posted:

@Will Way children as young as the newborn age have shown to have a deadly reaction to peanuts/treenuts from the mother's milk or have a skin reaction after being touched by someone with residue on their hands.  The peanut protein is different from other nuts.  It is actually a legume.  Not a nut!

Hi Chaunta!

Welcome to KFA!  Do you have a child with peanut allergies?

Will Way

@Will Way children as young as the newborn age have shown to have a deadly reaction to peanuts/treenuts from the mother's milk or have a skin reaction after being touched by someone with residue on their hands.  The peanut protein is different from other nuts.  It is actually a legume.  Not a nut!

Chaunta

The peanut thing confuses me really.  I wonder what about peanuts is so allergenic that if it is not introduced early that many children have reactions to it.  

That seems to be the million dollar question, right?   

Will Way
Last edited by Will Way
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